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American history chapters · 1939–1945

World War II:
Front Lines & Home Front.

Explore the people, aircraft and everyday comforts connected to 1939–1945. Modern toy depictions sit alongside the stories of candy and life at home.

1939–1945 · Front lines & home front

Seven years that changed the world.

Follow five turning points.
Select a year to explore its story.

The front lines

War begins in Europe

Germany invaded Poland on September 1. Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later.

Explore the history ↗

A nation responds

The United States enters the war

The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 was followed by the United States declaring war on Japan on December 8.

National Archives source ↗

Life at home

Rationing and victory gardens

Sugar rationing began in May. Victory gardens became one way families contributed food and adapted to shortages.

Museum source ↗

Across the Channel

D-Day and the Normandy landings

On June 6, Allied forces landed in Normandy. Landing craft, aircraft and troops each played roles in the operation.

National Archives source ↗

World War II · Across the home front

America Behind the Front Lines.

Explore five places connected to wartime production, food and science. Choose a stop to read its story, then explore today’s products from that state.

Chocolate for the Armed Forces · PennsylvaniaHersheyThe Willow Run Bomber Plant · MichiganWillow RunShips and a Changing Community · CaliforniaRichmondHiggins Boats: Bayou to Battlefield · LouisianaNew OrleansLife in the Secret City · TennesseeOak Ridge

Selected, approximate locations on modern state outlines. This map shows five home-front stories, not every wartime factory, community or experience.

Hershey · Pennsylvania

Chocolate for the Armed Forces

Military food supply · Ration D and Tropical Bars

Hershey worked with the Army to develop the emergency Ration D chocolate bar before the war and produced military chocolate during World War II. These specialized bars served different needs from a familiar everyday candy bar. This story connects food manufacturing in Pennsylvania to military supply; it does not identify every modern Hershey product as a wartime ration.

Read the historical source · Hershey Community Archives ↗

Continue exploring

A story from Pennsylvania.

Explore Pennsylvania Products →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. A state connection does not establish wartime use; documented product connections appear separately on the chapter’s cards.

Willow Run · Michigan

The Willow Run Bomber Plant

Aircraft production · B-24 Liberators

Ford’s Willow Run plant applied automobile mass-production methods to building B-24 Liberator bombers. Its workforce included thousands of women, and the plant became a prominent example of American industrial mobilization. The aircraft here were B-24s; a modern toy aircraft on our shelves may depict a different model.

Read the historical source · The Henry Ford ↗

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A story from Michigan.

Explore this place through its historical source above.

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. A state connection does not establish wartime use; documented product connections appear separately on the chapter’s cards.

Richmond · California

Ships and a Changing Community

Shipbuilding · The Richmond home front

Richmond’s Kaiser shipyards built hundreds of ships during World War II. Workers arrived from across the country, and the community changed through new jobs, housing, childcare and healthcare. The Rosie the Riveter home-front park preserves stories of this labor alongside the discrimination and unequal opportunities people faced.

Read the historical source · National Park Service ↗

Continue exploring

A story from California.

Explore California Products →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. A state connection does not establish wartime use; documented product connections appear separately on the chapter’s cards.

New Orleans · Louisiana

Higgins Boats: Bayou to Battlefield

Landing craft · Manufacturing in Louisiana

Andrew Higgins adapted a shallow-water boat design for military landing craft. Higgins Industries and its New Orleans workforce built vessels that helped move troops and equipment onto beaches. Their work connected a Louisiana manufacturing community to amphibious operations overseas.

Read the historical source · National WWII Museum ↗

Continue exploring

A story from Louisiana.

Explore Louisiana Products →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. A state connection does not establish wartime use; documented product connections appear separately on the chapter’s cards.

Oak Ridge · Tennessee

Life in the Secret City

Manhattan Project · Wartime science and secrecy

The federal government built Oak Ridge in secrecy as a major Manhattan Project site. Its facilities enriched uranium for atomic weapons while a new community grew around the work. This story includes the workers, segregated living conditions and the devastating human consequences of the weapons the project helped produce.

Read the historical source · National Park Service ↗

Continue exploring

A story from Tennessee.

Explore Tennessee Products →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. A state connection does not establish wartime use; documented product connections appear separately on the chapter’s cards.

Read the connection. Discover the product.

Two sides of a shared history.

Figures, aircraft and scenery help introduce the subjects of the war. Each toy is identified as a modern depiction or scene-building piece, with its connection explained.

Candy stories explore military supply, familiar comforts and scarcity at home. The products offered today are accompanied by their recorded historical connections.

This chapter includes Allied and Axis subjects for historical context. It presents the war as history, with recognition of its human cost.

Browse the chapter

Figures, aircraft & a taste of home.

37 products in this chapter

World War II connection Modern WWII scene-building piece
Classic Marx Landing Craft

Vehicles & scenery

Classic Marx Landing Craft

Modern stylized landing-craft toys for an amphibious scene; not claimed to be a precise scale Higgins boat.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
Classic Marx WW2 German Artillery

Vehicles & scenery

Classic Marx WW2 German Artillery

Modern toy representation of German WWII artillery.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
Classic Marx WW2 Japanese Soldiers

Figures

Classic Marx WW2 Japanese Soldiers

Modern figures representing Imperial Japanese troops in World War II.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
Classic Marx WW2 Russian Soldiers

Figures

Classic Marx WW2 Russian Soldiers

Modern figures representing Soviet troops in World War II.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
DK Novelties WW2 GIs

Figures

DK Novelties WW2 GIs

Modern reissue figures depicting American GIs in World War II.

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World War II candy connection Read the wartime story →Mounds

Candy & comforts

Mounds

Mounds was already an American candy-counter favorite when World War II carried it into military service. The U.S. military reportedly accounted for approximately 80% of Mounds purchases during the war, making its dark chocolate and coconut combination a familiar treat among American service members.

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World War II candy connection Read the wartime story →Necco Wafers

Candy & comforts

Necco Wafers

Portable, slow to spoil and resistant to melting, early versions of NECCO Wafers traveled with Union soldiers during the Civil War. Generations later, the familiar rolls were supplied to American service members overseas during World War II.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
Tim Mee 28pc

Figures

Tim Mee WW2 28pc Soldiers OD Green

Modern reissue figures depicting American GIs in World War II.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
Tim Mee WW2 Prop Planes 3in

Aircraft

Tim Mee WW2 Prop Planes 3in

Modern toy aircraft depicting WWII-era propeller planes.

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World War II connection Modern WWII depiction
WW2 B-29 Superfortress Bomber Airplane

Aircraft

WW2 B-29 Superfortress Bomber Airplane

Modern toy representation of a WWII B-29 bomber.

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Bauman’s Blended Fruit Butters

Home front

Bauman’s Blended Fruit Butters

Maker established · 1892Pennsylvania

Bauman’s began in Sassamansville, Pennsylvania, in 1892 with a cider press, soon adding apple butter. Its family history includes Stanley Bauman joining the business in 1928 and marrying Ruth Latshaw in 1941. The date describes the maker’s origins, rather than the introduction of every fruit-butter variety sold today.

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Bauman’s Classic Fruit Butters

Home front

Bauman’s Classic Fruit Butters

Maker established · 1892Pennsylvania

Bauman’s began in Sassamansville, Pennsylvania, in 1892 with a cider press, soon adding apple butter. Its family history includes Stanley Bauman joining the business in 1928 and marrying Ruth Latshaw in 1941. The date describes the maker’s origins, rather than the introduction of every fruit-butter variety sold today.

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Bauman’s Sweet Tomato Butter

Home front

Bauman’s Sweet Tomato Butter

Maker established · 1892Pennsylvania

Bauman’s began in Sassamansville, Pennsylvania, in 1892 with a cider press, soon adding apple butter. Its family history includes Stanley Bauman joining the business in 1928 and marrying Ruth Latshaw in 1941. The date describes the maker’s origins, rather than the introduction of every fruit-butter variety sold today.

Add to a history box
Horn & Hardart Coffee

Home front

Horn & Hardart Coffee

Maker established · 1888Pennsylvania

Horn & Hardart began in Philadelphia in 1888, with coffee at the heart of its restaurant and Automat story. Today’s coffee belongs to a revived brand carrying that heritage forward; the date identifies the original business, rather than uninterrupted production of the current retail range.

Price range: $15.00 through $16.00

View product & choose options →
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Horn & Hardart Coffee Decaf

Home front

Horn & Hardart Coffee Decaf

Maker established · 1888Pennsylvania

Horn & Hardart began in Philadelphia in 1888, with coffee at the heart of its restaurant and Automat story. Today’s coffee belongs to a revived brand carrying that heritage forward; the date identifies the original business, rather than uninterrupted production of the current retail range.

Add to a history box
Cafe Du Monde Beignet Mix

Home front

Cafe Du Monde Beignet Mix

Maker established · 1862Louisiana

The original Café du Monde coffee stand opened in the New Orleans French Market in 1862. Hubert Fernandez purchased it in May 1942, giving its family history a direct milestone during WWII. Today’s packaged coffee and beignet mix connect to the café’s heritage; 1862 is the café’s founding year, not the introduction date of those retail packages.

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Cafe Du Monde Coffee and Chicory Decaf

Home front

Cafe Du Monde Coffee and Chicory Decaf

Maker established · 1862Louisiana

The original Café du Monde coffee stand opened in the New Orleans French Market in 1862. Hubert Fernandez purchased it in May 1942, giving its family history a direct milestone during WWII. Today’s packaged coffee and beignet mix connect to the café’s heritage; 1862 is the café’s founding year, not the introduction date of those retail packages.

Add to a history box
Café du Monde Coffee & Chicory

Home front

Café du Monde Coffee & Chicory

Maker established · 1862Louisiana

The original Café du Monde coffee stand opened in the New Orleans French Market in 1862. Hubert Fernandez purchased it in May 1942, giving its family history a direct milestone during WWII. Today’s packaged coffee and beignet mix connect to the café’s heritage; 1862 is the café’s founding year, not the introduction date of those retail packages.

Add to a history box
Café du Monde French Roast Coffee

Home front

Café du Monde French Roast Coffee

Maker established · 1862Louisiana

The original Café du Monde coffee stand opened in the New Orleans French Market in 1862. Hubert Fernandez purchased it in May 1942, giving its family history a direct milestone during WWII. Today’s packaged coffee and beignet mix connect to the café’s heritage; 1862 is the café’s founding year, not the introduction date of those retail packages.

Add to a history box
Reading Soda Works Birch Beers

Home front

Reading Soda Works Birch Beers

Maker established · 1921Pennsylvania

Reading Soda Works traces its Reading, Pennsylvania, soda-bottling business to 1921. Its roots predate WWII and introduce the story of a hometown beverage maker. This is the maker’s founding date; individual flavor introductions and wartime availability require their own evidence.

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Reading Soda Works Cream Sodas

Home front

Reading Soda Works Cream Sodas

Maker established · 1921Pennsylvania

Reading Soda Works traces its Reading, Pennsylvania, soda-bottling business to 1921. Its roots predate WWII and introduce the story of a hometown beverage maker. This is the maker’s founding date; individual flavor introductions and wartime availability require their own evidence.

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Reading Soda Works Fruit Sodas

Home front

Reading Soda Works Fruit Sodas

Maker established · 1921Pennsylvania

Reading Soda Works traces its Reading, Pennsylvania, soda-bottling business to 1921. Its roots predate WWII and introduce the story of a hometown beverage maker. This is the maker’s founding date; individual flavor introductions and wartime availability require their own evidence.

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Reading Soda Works Ginger & Orchard Sodas

Home front

Reading Soda Works Ginger & Orchard Sodas

Maker established · 1921Pennsylvania

Reading Soda Works traces its Reading, Pennsylvania, soda-bottling business to 1921. Its roots predate WWII and introduce the story of a hometown beverage maker. This is the maker’s founding date; individual flavor introductions and wartime availability require their own evidence.

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Reading Soda Works Root Beers & Classics

Home front

Reading Soda Works Root Beers & Classics

Maker established · 1921Pennsylvania

Reading Soda Works traces its Reading, Pennsylvania, soda-bottling business to 1921. Its roots predate WWII and introduce the story of a hometown beverage maker. This is the maker’s founding date; individual flavor introductions and wartime availability require their own evidence.

Add to a history box
Otterbein's Cookies

Home front

Otterbein's Cookies

Maker established · 1881Maryland

The Otterbein family’s Maryland baking story began in 1881. Today’s cookies connect to that long bakery heritage. The founding date does not establish that every current flavor was sold during WWII.

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Cook's Vanilla Extracts

Home front

Cook's Vanilla Extracts

Maker established · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla traces its family business to Angus Lochhead in 1918. Its maker history offers a baking-pantry connection with roots before WWII. The founding year does not date each modern extract, flavor or package.

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Cook’s Classic Baking Flavors

Home front

Cook’s Classic Baking Flavors

Maker established · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla traces its family business to Angus Lochhead in 1918. Its maker history offers a baking-pantry connection with roots before WWII. The founding year does not date each modern extract, flavor or package.

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Cook’s Dessert & Spirits Flavors

Home front

Cook’s Dessert & Spirits Flavors

Maker established · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla traces its family business to Angus Lochhead in 1918. Its maker history offers a baking-pantry connection with roots before WWII. The founding year does not date each modern extract, flavor or package.

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Cook’s Fruit Flavorings

Home front

Cook’s Fruit Flavorings

Maker established · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla traces its family business to Angus Lochhead in 1918. Its maker history offers a baking-pantry connection with roots before WWII. The founding year does not date each modern extract, flavor or package.

Add to a history box
Fisher's Popcorn

Home front

Fisher's Popcorn

Maker established · 1937Delaware

Fisher’s Popcorn traces its family recipe and Ocean City boardwalk origins to 1937. Its published family history records Donald Fisher assuming operations during WWII. Today’s Delaware business grew from a separate family location opened in the 1980s; 1937 describes the family’s popcorn heritage, not the founding of every current branch or the introduction of every flavor.

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Double Dipped Chocolatey Covered Peanuts

Home front

Virginia Diner Chocolate Nuts

Maker established · 1929Virginia

Virginia Diner opened in Wakefield, Virginia, in 1929 in a railroad dining car, serving meals and local peanuts. Its roadside history predates WWII. The founding year identifies the diner and maker story; it does not establish the introduction date of every modern peanut seasoning, confection or package.

Price range: $13.99 through $30.68

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Salted Virginia Peanuts

Home front

Virginia Diner Flavored Peanuts

Maker established · 1929Virginia

Virginia Diner opened in Wakefield, Virginia, in 1929 in a railroad dining car, serving meals and local peanuts. Its roadside history predates WWII. The founding year identifies the diner and maker story; it does not establish the introduction date of every modern peanut seasoning, confection or package.

Price range: $9.50 through $10.99

View product & choose options →
Add to a history box
Redskin Peanuts

Home front

Virginia Diner Red Skin Peanuts

Maker established · 1929Virginia

Virginia Diner opened in Wakefield, Virginia, in 1929 in a railroad dining car, serving meals and local peanuts. Its roadside history predates WWII. The founding year identifies the diner and maker story; it does not establish the introduction date of every modern peanut seasoning, confection or package.

Add to a history box
Salted Virginia Peanuts

Home front

Virginia Diner Salted Peanuts

Maker established · 1929Virginia

Virginia Diner opened in Wakefield, Virginia, in 1929 in a railroad dining car, serving meals and local peanuts. Its roadside history predates WWII. The founding year identifies the diner and maker story; it does not establish the introduction date of every modern peanut seasoning, confection or package.

Add to a history box
Buckwheat Pancake Mix

Home front

New Hope Mills Old Fashioned Buckwheat Pancake Mix

Historic mill established · 1823New York

New Hope Mills began as a flour mill serving the farming community in Moravia, New York, in 1823. Today’s Old Fashioned Buckwheat Pancake Mix connects to that milling heritage and traditional breakfast flavors. The date identifies the historic mill’s origins, not the introduction of this packaged mix or documented availability of it during WWII.

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The story behind the collection

A world at war.
A nation working together.

Across continents and oceans

World War II spread across Europe, North Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The Allied coalition included Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States, fighting against Germany, Italy and Japan. The United States entered the war in December 1941.

Read the museum introduction ↗

The fighting in Europe

Germany’s invasion of Poland began the war in Europe in 1939. Its invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 opened the Eastern Front. The Soviet figures in this collection introduce one part of that history; the Normandy landings in June 1944 opened another major Allied campaign in western Europe.

Explore the Eastern Front ↗ · Learn about D-Day ↗

Factories, kitchens and gardens

Families rationed supplies, grew food and supported the war effort at home. Women entered industrial work in unprecedented numbers, building on work women had already done before the war. The home front helped supply the people serving overseas.

Women and wartime work ↗ · Victory gardens ↗

Remembering the people

The war caused immense loss of life and destruction. These small objects offer a starting point for questions, family memories and learning. Their stories deserve room alongside the people and communities affected by the war.

Read about the cost of victory ↗
Revisit the 1939–1945 timeline ↑

Familiar names, carefully explained

Old roots. Everyday comforts.

Discover products and makers with researched roots by 1945. Each card distinguishes a product introduction from a maker, mill or earlier brand history. These are current retail products; a founding date does not establish that every modern variety was sold during the war.

Beyond the battlefield

The work, the waiting
and the small comforts.

Wartime life also unfolded in kitchens, factories, gardens and letters from home. Explore how rationing changed daily routines and why familiar treats mattered across the miles.

Choose a collection of your own

Build a box for someone
who loves the story.

Bring together eligible toy sets and familiar treats in the Americana gift builder. Review sizes and packing limits, then add a greeting card and a personal message in the cart.

Build a history-inspired gift box →

The collection page does not automatically mark toys as box eligible. Large aircraft and playsets may need separate shipping. Choose products individually if they do not fit your box.

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