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American history chapters · 1914–1918

World War I
& a Changing America.

Military service, community effort and daily life in a changing nation. Explore the Great War, food conservation at home and the familiar makers and flavors that connect this period with today.

1914–1918 · A short historical timeline

From a world at war to the work of peace.

Follow five turning points.
Select a moment to read its story.

A widening conflict

War begins in Europe

World War I began in 1914. The United States initially remained neutral as the conflict spread through Europe and beyond.

Read the historical source ↗

The human cost

The Battle of the Somme

The Battle of the Somme lasted from July 1 to November 18, 1916. It became one of the largest and bloodiest battles of the First World War, leaving a lasting mark on the people and communities involved.

Read the historical source ↗

April 6

America enters the war

The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. American military service and preparations at home became part of a conflict already in its fourth calendar year.

Read the historical source ↗

The home front

Food becomes a shared effort

President Wilson established the U.S. Food Administration on August 10, 1917. Led by Herbert Hoover, it encouraged food conservation and designated meatless, wheatless and other conservation days to support supplies for troops and people overseas.

Read the historical source ↗

November 11

The Armistice

The Armistice took effect on November 11, 1918, bringing fighting on the Western Front to a halt. Peace negotiations and the work of returning service members home followed.

Read the historical source ↗

World War I · Across the American home front

America answers the call.

Follow six stories of preparation, production and life at home. Choose a marker or a place below to explore how communities responded.

Camp Colt · PennsylvaniaGettysburgCamp Lewis · WashingtonAmerican LakeCamp Upton · New YorkYaphankJones Point Shipyard · VirginiaAlexandriaFood Conservation at Home · District of ColumbiaWashington, D.C.A Child’s Canning Appeal · IowaMonroe

Selected, approximate story locations on modern state outlines, not a complete map of wartime activity. Washington represents a national food campaign; Monroe identifies a poster creator’s hometown. Neither marker identifies a specific wartime garden.

Gettysburg · Pennsylvania

Camp Colt

1918 · Tank training on the Gettysburg battlefield

Camp Colt opened on the Gettysburg battlefield in March 1918 to prepare soldiers for tank service. Captain Dwight D. Eisenhower led the camp. Recruits trained on ground already marked by Civil War history, connecting this chapter to the changing technologies and demands of a new war.

Read the historical source · National Park Service ↗

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A story from Pennsylvania.

Explore Pennsylvania Favorites →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. They do not establish military supply, service at these sites or wartime availability.

American Lake · Washington

Camp Lewis

1917–1918 · A National Army training camp

Camp Lewis was established at American Lake in 1917 as the United States expanded its Army. Its first recruits arrived that September. The camp’s rapid growth shows how military mobilization transformed places at home before troops traveled overseas.

Read the historical source · Lewis Army Museum ↗

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A story from Washington.

Explore Washington Favorites →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. They do not establish military supply, service at these sites or wartime availability.

Yaphank · New York

Camp Upton

1917–1918 · Training before overseas deployment

Camp Upton on Long Island trained American soldiers before overseas deployment. The Library of Congress describes nearly 40,000 men passing through its training program during the war. It represents the work of turning new recruits into an Army prepared for service abroad.

Read the historical source · Library of Congress ↗

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A story from New York.

Explore New York Favorites →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. They do not establish military supply, service at these sites or wartime availability.

Alexandria · Virginia

Jones Point Shipyard

1918 · An emergency shipbuilding effort

The Virginia Shipbuilding Corporation developed a yard at Jones Point to build standardized steel cargo ships. Constructed just before the war ended, it shows the scale and timing challenges of emergency production. Shipways, workshops and rail connections turned the waterfront into a large industrial workplace.

Read the historical source · National Park Service ↗

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A story from Virginia.

Explore Virginia Favorites →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. They do not establish military supply, service at these sites or wartime availability.

Washington, D.C. · District of Columbia

Food Conservation at Home

1917–1918 · A national campaign

The U.S. Food Administration asked households to conserve food for the war effort. Posters, home cards and recipes encouraged changes in everyday meals and reduced waste. This marker represents the national campaign from Washington, not one garden or a claim that conservation happened only in the capital.

Read the historical source · National Archives ↗

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A story from District of Columbia.

Explore this place through its historical source above.

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. They do not establish military supply, service at these sites or wartime availability.

Monroe · Iowa

A Child’s Canning Appeal

World War I · A local voice in a national effort

A World War I food-conservation poster by Burton Magee of Monroe, Iowa, urged people to preserve food through canning. The National Archives identifies its creator as a child. This local example shows how the home-front campaign reached young Americans as well as adults.

Read the historical source · National Archives ↗

Continue exploring

A story from Iowa.

Explore Iowa Favorites →

State collections connect you to today’s products and makers. They do not establish military supply, service at these sites or wartime availability.

Browse the chapter

Candy counters & the home-front pantry.

29 products in this chapter

Bauman’s Blended Fruit Butters

Home front

Bauman’s Blended Fruit Butters

Maker founded · 1892Pennsylvania

Bauman’s has maker roots dating to 1892, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Bauman’s Classic Fruit Butters

Home front

Bauman’s Classic Fruit Butters

Maker founded · 1892Pennsylvania

Bauman’s has maker roots dating to 1892, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Bauman’s Sweet Tomato Butter

Home front

Bauman’s Sweet Tomato Butter

Maker founded · 1892Pennsylvania

Bauman’s has maker roots dating to 1892, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Horn & Hardart Coffee

Home front

Horn & Hardart Coffee

Maker founded · 1888Pennsylvania

Horn & Hardart began in Philadelphia in 1888, with coffee at the heart of its restaurant and Automat story. Today’s coffee belongs to a revived brand. The date identifies the original business, not uninterrupted production of the present retail range or documented wartime supply.

Price range: $15.00 through $16.00

View product & choose options →
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Horn & Hardart Coffee Decaf

Home front

Horn & Hardart Coffee Decaf

Maker founded · 1888Pennsylvania

Horn & Hardart began in Philadelphia in 1888, with coffee at the heart of its restaurant and Automat story. Today’s coffee belongs to a revived brand. The date identifies the original business, not uninterrupted production of the present retail range or documented wartime supply.

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Cafe Du Monde Beignet Mix

Home front

Cafe Du Monde Beignet Mix

Maker founded · 1862Louisiana

Café du Monde has maker roots dating to 1862, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Cafe Du Monde Coffee and Chicory Decaf

Home front

Cafe Du Monde Coffee and Chicory Decaf

Maker founded · 1862Louisiana

Café du Monde has maker roots dating to 1862, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Café du Monde Coffee & Chicory

Home front

Café du Monde Coffee & Chicory

Maker founded · 1862Louisiana

Café du Monde has maker roots dating to 1862, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Café du Monde French Roast Coffee

Home front

Café du Monde French Roast Coffee

Maker founded · 1862Louisiana

Café du Monde has maker roots dating to 1862, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Otterbein's Cookies

Home front

Otterbein's Cookies

Maker founded · 1881Maryland

Otterbein’s has maker roots dating to 1881, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Cook's Vanilla Extracts

Home front

Cook's Vanilla Extracts

Maker founded · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla has maker roots dating to 1918, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Cook’s Classic Baking Flavors

Home front

Cook’s Classic Baking Flavors

Maker founded · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla has maker roots dating to 1918, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Cook’s Dessert & Spirits Flavors

Home front

Cook’s Dessert & Spirits Flavors

Maker founded · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla has maker roots dating to 1918, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Cook’s Fruit Flavorings

Home front

Cook’s Fruit Flavorings

Maker founded · 1918California

Cook’s Vanilla has maker roots dating to 1918, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Buckwheat Pancake Mix

Home front

New Hope Mills Old Fashioned Buckwheat Pancake Mix

Historic mill established · 1823New York

New Hope Mills began as a flour mill in Moravia, New York, in 1823. Today’s Buckwheat Pancake Mix connects to that milling heritage. The date identifies the historic mill, not the introduction of the packaged mix or evidence of wartime supply.

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Good & Plenty

Candy & comforts

Good & Plenty

Product introduced · 1893Pennsylvania

Good & Plenty traces its origins to 1893, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Necco Wafers

Candy & comforts

Necco Wafers

Product introduced · 1847Massachusetts

NECCO Wafers traces its origins to 1847, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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World War I candy connection Read the wartime story →Goldenberg’s Peanut Chews

Candy & comforts

Goldenberg’s Peanut Chews

Product introduced · 1917Pennsylvania

Goldenberg’s Peanut Chews traces its origins to 1917, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Fralinger's Saltwater Taffy

Candy & comforts

Fralinger's Saltwater Taffy

Product introduced · 1885New Jersey

Fralinger’s Salt Water Taffy traces its origins to 1885, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Bonomo Turkish Taffy

Candy & comforts

Bonomo Turkish Taffy

Product introduced · 1912New York

Bonomo Turkish Taffy traces its origins to 1912, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Reed's Butterscotch Candy

Candy & comforts

Reed's Butterscotch Candy

Product introduced · 1893Illinois

Reed’s Butterscotch Candy traces its origins to 1893, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Wrigley’s Doublemint Chewing Gum

Candy & comforts

Wrigley’s Doublemint Chewing Gum

Product introduced · 1914Illinois

Wrigley’s Doublemint traces its origins to 1914, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Goo Goo Cluster

Candy & comforts

Goo Goo Cluster

Product introduced · 1912Tennessee

Goo Goo Cluster — original traces its origins to 1912, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Circus Peanuts

Candy & comforts

Circus Peanuts

Maker founded · 1906Ohio

Spangler Candy Company, one producer of Circus Peanuts, was founded in Bryan, Ohio, in 1906. This is a maker-history connection; it does not establish the invention date of Circus Peanuts or the maker of every package sold today.

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Boston Baked Beans

Candy & comforts

Boston Baked Beans

Maker founded · 1908Illinois

Boston Baked Beans — Ferrara maker has maker roots dating to 1908, within or before the First World War period. The date describes the maker’s history, not the introduction of every current product or documented wartime supply.

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Charms Assorted Squares

Candy & comforts

Charms Assorted Squares

Product introduced · 1912New Jersey

Charms Assorted Squares traces its origins to 1912, within or before the 1914–1918 period. This is a connection to the original product’s history, not evidence of military supply. Today’s recipes, flavors, sizes and packaging may differ.

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Clark Cups

Candy & comforts

Clark Cups

Earlier brand origin / history · 1917Pennsylvania

Clark Cups are a modern peanut-butter-cup interpretation of the Clark Bar’s earlier candy history. The 1917 date belongs to the original Clark Bar, not the cups. Boyer announced Clark Cups in 2019; any World War I connection here is inspiration from an earlier brand, rather than a candy sold during the war.

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Cracker Jack

Candy & comforts

Cracker Jack

Earlier brand origin / history · 1896Illinois

Cracker Jack’s caramel-coated popcorn and peanuts bring a familiar ballpark treat to the home-front shelf. The brand’s own history documents a trademark from 1896. This is a brand-history milestone, rather than an introduction date for every recipe, prize or current package.

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Life Savers Original

Candy & comforts

Life Savers Original

Earlier brand origin / history · 1912Ohio

Life Savers began with Pep-O-Mint in 1912. Fruit flavors followed in 1921, and the familiar Five Flavors roll took shape in 1935. The 1912 date marks the original brand’s roots; it does not introduce every later flavor, gummy or modern package.

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Across the ocean. Around the kitchen table.

The people behind the dates.

Life on the Western Front

Trenches on the Western Front grew into extensive networks across France and Belgium. They shaped the experiences of soldiers and the landscapes around them. The front-line story deserves room for the people who lived through it.

Explore life in the trenches ↗

America joins the conflict

The United States entered the war in April 1917. In 1918, American forces took part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, which ran from September 26 until the November 11 Armistice.

Read the National Archives history ↗

Save food. Grow food.

Food conservation reached into everyday American routines. Families were encouraged to reduce waste, adapt meals and plant gardens. These home-front efforts offer context for the pantry and candy histories below.

Explore the food-conservation posters ↗

A story worth remembering

Dates and objects are starting points for learning, family memories and questions. This chapter honors the people and communities affected by the war, with room for reflection alongside the familiar comforts on our shelves.

Explore the World War I records ↗

Familiar names, carefully explained

Old roots. Everyday comforts.

Discover products and makers with researched roots by 1918. Each card distinguishes a product introduction from a maker, mill or earlier brand history. These are current retail products; a founding date does not establish that every modern variety was sold during the war.

Carry the story forward

A little history in every box.

Combine eligible familiar flavors in the Americana gift builder, then add a greeting card and a personal message in the cart.

Build a history-inspired gift box →

Available choices depend on each product’s existing gift-box eligibility, stock and packing limits.